Story Category: After The Revolution

International Women’s Day (8th March 1979) fell less than one month after the Shah had left and it was already fractious. A big demonstration was held at the University of Tehran. The photographs show crowds of uncovered women, probably the last time that was possible since Khomeini had just passed an edict requiring all women to cover their hair in public.

The Fedayin-e-Khalgh was a Marxist guerrilla organisation headed by Bijan Jazani. It was illegal under the Shah and many of its members were killed in Siakhal. At long last, its story could be told and its political heroes celebrated. The demonstration in Tehran university was very moving.

A huge outside event was held to acknowledge the 100th anniversary of Mohammad Mossadeq, the Prime Minister who had led the oil nationalization process in the 1950s and who pressed for a democratic polity. This kind of celebration had been unthinkable under the Pahlavi regime.

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In November 1979, consequent to the capture of the US embassy, Khomeini declared the need to establish a popular army, “artesh-e bis milliion” (“An Army of twenty million”). This became the basis for the Basij military force established in April 1980. Many people, including many women, received military training and guns were brandished at many demonstrations.

There was a huge explosion of publishing and print-making. Many revolutionary works were translated into Persian. Music from revolutionary movements around the world became available. Khomeini’s image was reproduced in many ways.